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Petroleum Management
CASE STUDY : 1
All crudes contain moisture and
salts to varying degrees. Water is likely to occur in emulsion form when the
crudes are naphthenic or sulfurous. No harm may be expected to the distillation
column due to the presence of moisture, as there is always steam in
distillation. However, crude has to be dehydrated to remove the salts. Water
being good solvent for these salts, the removal is very much effective in the
form of brine. Long standing of crudes may permit the separation of aqua phase
along with salts and other suspended impurities in other words dehydration
removes all salts. Lot of methods are versatile for dehydration of crudes?
1) Define the method chemical
treatment?
2) Explain the method Gravity
settling?
3) Define the method Electric
desalted?
4) Explain in brief the term Dehydration?
CASE STUDY : 2
Distillation is a separation
technique used for separation of soluble liquid mixtures into individual
components. Modern Refinery techniques have meticulously laid the way to
recover as many fractions as possible from Crude, discarding the least possible
in view of binding situation i.e. darkness of crude. The basic of refinery
distillation design rests completely on TBP tests. Distillation of crude mainly
takes place in two stages ADU & VDU.
1) Define the term ADU
(Atmospheric Distillation Units)?
2) Define the term VDU (Vacuum
Distillation Units)?
3) Define the term TTR (Top Tray
Reflux)?
4) Explain the term ‘Distillation
of Petroleum’ in brief?
CASE STUDY : 3
Blending, an important operation
in refinery, is a physical process in which accurately weighted quantities of
two or more components are mixed thoroughly to form a homogenous phase, the
components mixed being similar or dissimilar in nature. Most of the products
obtained from distillation columns are invariably blended with fractions
obtained from other units to help in keeping the wastage minimum and increasing
the quantities products. Almost all the products from Gasoline’s, gas to lube
oil are not only blends of fractions but additives too.
1) Define the term Blending in
brief?
2) Explain the Blending process?
3) Explain the term line
Blending?
4) Explain the term Gasoline
Blending?
CASE STUDY : 4
Asphalt is obtained as the
ultimate bottom product of a Vacuum distillation column. The residuum’s may
still contain some oil, but further distillation serves no use at all. These
residuum’s are rich in asphalts and form the starting materials for air blown
bitumen. Asphalts are also obtained in large scale, from deasphalting units.
Reduced crudes, waxy distillates, lube oils and long residuum’s are usually
deasphalted for getting quality lube oil base stocks.
1) Explain chemical structure of
Asphalt?
2) Comment. Action of Heat on
Asphalt?
3) Explain the types of Asphalts?
4) Comment. Air blowing of
Asphalt?
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